Specifications: Maya History, Ethnohistory, Battle of St. George's Caye

Lead Researcher: Angel Cal, PhD

Synopsis:
Paleography and analysis of manuscripts on the Battle of Orange Walk, 1 September 1872. Coordinator on Spanish manuscripts from Seville and Salamanca archives on the Battle of St. George's Caye, 1798. Bilingual (English and Spanish). Manuscript awaiting publication.

Specifications: Postcolonial Ecocriticism, Philosophy of Literature, Belizean Studies

Lead Researcher: Christopher L. De Shield, PhD

Synopsis:
De Shield's research interests lie in the intersection of postcolonial theory, environmentalism, and the philosophy of literature. He uses ecocritical and postcolonial methodologies to explore literature in especially the global south with a particular interest in literary form and folklore.

Specifications: Multilevel & Longitudinal Data Analyses, Psychometrics, Educational Disparities, Noncognitive Factors, Leadership, and Educators’ & Adolescents’ Well-being

Lead Researcher: Mathias R. Vairez Jr., PhD

Synopsis:
Vairez’s research is focused on analyzing complex data including multilevel and longitudinal data and psychometrics in exploring educational/achievement disparities among underserved populations. Also, his research, explores noncognitive factors, leadership, and educators’ and adolescents’ well-being and how these factors impact achievement in school and life.

Specifications: Women and Girls with Disabilites and its link Genderbased Violence

Lead Researcher: Maxine McKay, EdD

Synopsis:
The purpose of this study is to offer an analytical perspective on the existing state of knowledge on the relatively low amount of data on gender-based violence against individuals with disabilities. We provide a brief overview of the current literature on the following topics: (a) the prevalence, risk factors, and theoretical frameworks of gender-based violence against individuals with disabilities. (b) Helping disabled individuals who are victims of gender-based violence. (c) In addition, we identify areas in which more research is needed, discuss relevant theoretical perspectives, and give an example of how Sweden is trying to close this knowledge gap by putting the Disability and Intimate-Partner Violence Project (DIS-IPV) project into action.

Specifications: Male Representation in Eudcation and its Correlation with Crimes

Lead Researcher: Maxine McKay, EdD

Synopsis:
Applying the Technology of Skill Formation (Cunha & Heckman, 2007) as a theoretical framework, examine the minimal behavior of youth. The characteristics of juvenile crime differ from those of adult crime. The study will review research on childhood and adolescent interventions as well as research on the relationship between youth criminal behavior and education. The former makes the case that education and juvenile crime are related. The latter demonstrates that while early criminal activity is likely to have a detrimental effect on educational attainment, education lowers the likelihood of criminal behavior in adolescence and young adulthood. The underlying processes causing these effects are mostly unknown and may involve a variety of elements, including peer effects, skill gain, and incapacitation effects.

Specifications: Community History, Oral History, Indigenous Studies, Subaltern Studies, Migration and Masculinity

Lead Researcher: Delmer Tzib, MA. History

Synopsis:
Delmer Tzib's research focuses on critical areas of history, culture, and identity in Belize, particularly among Maya communities. His work explores the impacts of colonization and modern challenges on preserving Maya traditions, language, and cultural practices. Mr. Tzib is currently researching on the factors impacting indigenous participation in higher education and the perspectives of lecturers on the integration of Indigenous knowledge systems in Belize's tertiary level education.

Title: Translanguaging Practices in Higher Education to Teach Across Content Areas in Belize: A Multicase Study

Lead Researcher: Erica S. Aguilar Villacorta, PhD

Synopsis:
Academic Summary: This qualitative multicase study explored four Belizean tertiary educators' language pedagogies, focusing on translanguaging practices. By examining class observations, interviews, and documentation, researchers investigated how educators incorporate linguistic diversity in instruction.

Research Significance: Demonstrates potential for decolonizing educational practices, Highlights importance of linguistic flexibility in Belizean tertiary education, Provides practical insights into translanguaging pedagogical strategies.

Policy Context: Belizean educational language policy mandates English instruction, Policy encourages native language use to facilitate learning, Lacks specific framework for incorporating minority languages.

Scholarly Contribution: Offers empirical evidence supporting multilingual instructional approaches that respect Belize's rich sociolinguistic landscape.

Specifications: Decolonizing Archaeological Sites and Landscapes of Historical Significance Through the Practice of Archaeology: Serpon Sugar Mill Case Study

Lead Researcher: Jineen Roches, MSc

Synopsis:
This Research Seeks to demonstrate how archaeology, applied through the lens of decolonisation could facilitate the re-writing and uncovering of thorough historical narratives of archaeological sites and landscapes of historical significance. As such, through the examination and adoption of previous archaeological research, archival data and landscape surveys, this investigation contributes to the uncovering and recovering of Belize and Scotland's colonial connections, in hopes of prompting or inspiring a collaborative decolonization movement in the near future.

Specifications: The Link between Social Justice and Educational Access

Lead Researcher: Maxine McKay, EdD

Synopsis:
This study examines the relationship between social justice and educational access, exploring how equity, inclusion, and systemic factors influence opportunities for learning across different social groups. It investigates the ways in which socioeconomic status, gender, ethnicity, and geography shape individuals’ ability to access quality education, and how educational institutions can act as both agents of empowerment and barriers to justice. Through a critical analysis of policies, practices, and lived experiences, the research seeks to highlight disparities within the education system and propose frameworks that promote fairness, participation, and equal opportunity. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to the development of more just and inclusive educational systems that uphold the principles of social justice in both policy and practice.

Specifications: Domestic Violence, IPV

Lead Researcher: Leolin Castillo, PhD

Synopsis:
This study explores the role of sibling relationships in shaping children’s experiences and coping mechanisms in the context of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). While much of the existing research focuses on parent–child dynamics, this study highlights siblings as a critical source of emotional support, resilience, and shared understanding within households affected by violence. By examining how siblings protect, comfort, or sometimes reinforce harmful behaviors, the research seeks to uncover the complex ways these relationships influence children’s emotional development and long-term well-being. Insights from this study can inform more holistic interventions and family-based support programs that recognize the importance of sibling bonds in mitigating the impacts of IPV.

Specifications: Donor Loyalty, Public Sector Marketing, Socio-Economic Development

Lead Researcher: Gilroy Hughdonald Middleton, PhD

Synopsis:
This study aims to progress knowledge by developing and analyzing an integrated model of behavioral loyalty enhancement related to non-profit organization (NPO) donation. To achieve this aim, the study examines the influences of three variables of donor loyalty, namely, attitude toward beneficiaries, trust and self-esteem in one integrated model. Additionally, to compare the extent to which each variable affects donor loyalty, mediating effects are suggested.

Specifications: Adults with Autism, Psychology Methodology, The Sociology of Race in Graduate Studies

Lead Researcher: Merlin Je 'Nene Star, MSc

Synopsis:
This research explores the intersection of psychology, education, and social equity within higher learning environments. It examines the experiences of adults with autism in academic settings, focusing on how inclusive practices and psychological methodologies can better support their learning and social integration. Additionally, the study investigates the sociology of race in graduate studies, highlighting how systemic factors influence access, belonging, and academic achievement. By combining perspectives from psychology and sociology, this research seeks to uncover barriers faced by marginalized groups and propose evidence-based strategies to foster inclusive, equitable, and supportive educational spaces for all learners.

Specifications: Domestic Public Opinion of Belizean Public Roads, Schools, Health Services, and Water Services

Lead Researcher: Deserie Ann Avila, DBA

Synopsis:
Utilizing the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) nationally representative survey of 1,550 Belizeans in the fall of 2023, we examine Belize public opinion in four areas: roads, schools, health and medical services, and water services. We offer a baseline of Belizean opinions on these four areas of public goods/services with a focus on six demographic factors—age, gender, district residence, educational attainment, race/ethnicity, and monthly household income—affecting public opinion.

Specifications: Educational Innovation and Curriculum Development

Lead Researcher: Marceluz Geban, MEd

Synopsis:
Developing Contextualized Case Studies for FMSS Programs at the University of Belize: Enhancing Learning through Culturally Relevant Pedagogy
This study aims to develop contextualized case studies tailored to the Faculty of Management and Social Sciences (FMSS) programs at the University of Belize, with the goal of enhancing student engagement and learning through culturally relevant pedagogy. Recognizing that many instructional materials are derived from foreign contexts, this research seeks to create case studies grounded in Belizean realities—reflecting the nation’s social, economic, and cultural dynamics. By integrating local examples into teaching and assessment, the project promotes critical thinking, practical application of theory, and a stronger connection between academic learning and real-world Belizean experiences. Ultimately, this initiative supports the University’s mission to produce graduates who are not only academically competent but also socially conscious and equipped to contribute effectively to national development.

Specifications: Garifuna Population & Culture in Belize, Tourism in Belize

Lead Researcher: Philip Castillo, PhD

Synopsis:
Tourism is now Belize's largest foreign exchange earner and among its largest employers. The aim is to ascertin the contribution of one of the country's indigenous groups to this industry and how such contribution can be sustainably increased.

Specifications: Gang Activities in Belize, Law Inforcement for Gang Related Activities 

Lead Researcher: Avekadavie Parasramsingh Mano, PhD

Synopsis:
Gang culture in Belize, particularly in the southside of Belize City, has become a significant social issue, exacerbated by poverty, unemployment, and limited educational opportunities. These gangs, involved in illicit activities such as drug trade and violence, deeply impact the socio-political landscape of the nation. Despite extensive studies on gang violence in Central America, there is a lack of quantitative research on the determinants of gang membership and the effectiveness of interventions in the Caribbean, which this study seeks to address by examining the relationship between socio-economic disadvantage, media exposure, and community-based programs.

Specifications: Tourism in Belize, Sex Tourism, Socio-Cultural and Economic Implications of Sex Tourism

Lead Researcher: Avekadavie Parasramsingh Mano, PhD

Synopsis:
Sex tourism has emerged as a contentious yet prominent aspect of the tourism sector in San Pedro, Belize, despite the destination's family-oriented branding. This study seeks to examine the socio-cultural and economic implications of sex tourism, focusing on its effects on the local population and the ethical challenges it presents within the broader context of tourism in the Caribbean and Central America.

Specifications: The Impact of AI-Driven Learning Tools on Student Engagement and Achievement in Management Courses, Exploring the Role of Community-Based Tourism in Empowering Rural Communities in Belize, The Role of Public Transportation in Supporting Tourism Development in Belize, Assessing the Effectiveness of Marketing Campaigns in Attracting High School Graduates to Tertiary-Level Institutions in Belize

Lead Researcher: Raisa Chavez, MSc

Synopsis:
This research examines how artificial intelligence (AI) tools are shaping the way students engage with and succeed in management courses. By focusing on tools like adaptive learning platforms, chatbots, and AI-powered assessments, the study explores how these technologies can make learning more interactive and tailored to individual needs. Through a combination of performance data and feedback from students, the research aims to uncover whether AI truly enhances learning outcomes or simply adds a layer of complexity. The goal is to provide practical insights into the benefits and challenges of using AI in education, helping educators make informed decisions about integrating these tools into their teaching strategies.

Specifications: Natural Products, Biomass Waste Remediation, Food Chemistry, and Environmental Chemistry

Lead Researcher: Apolonio Aguilar, PhD

Synopsis:

1. Natural product isolation and purification from medicinal plants, activity testing, and identification. Belize is rich in its biodiversity and culturally there is a wealth of ethnobotanical information from ‘bush doctors’ as they are known. Many modern medications were discovered in extracts from natural products. These are normally extracted from terrestrial and marine plants and animals. Examples include Paclitaxel - chemotherapy medication for a number of types of cancer. It was first isolated in 1971 from the Pacific Yew tree and was approved for medical use in 1993. Penicillin -antibiotic derived from common moulds (penicillium moulds). This research currently focuses on the extraction, isolation and purification of the medicinal components of native plants with ethnobotanical history.
2. Supramolecular Chemistry - Synthesis of topographically nonplanar small molecule sensors.
3. Study and development of biodegradable and environmentally friendly materials derived from local large waste streams (banana, citrus, sugar cane, rice, sargassum, etc).
4. Food Chemistry - Study and development of modified biopolymers local and potentially unique to Belize as materials for food and industrial purposes.
5. Environmental Chemistry - Determining the presence and levels of environmental pollutants known to affect health and wellbeing.

Specifications: Fishing Communities, Marine Fisheries, Coastal and Marine Policy

Lead Researcher: Arlenie Rogers, PhD

Synopsis:

1. Sea cucumber indentification by use of calcareous spicules.
2. Water loss in sea cucumber processing.
3. Male to female ratio in Holothuria mexicana sea cucumber environment and protection.

Specifications: Climate Change Impacts, Gender in Environmental Protection and Management, Blue Carbon, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, Marine Pollution Inclusive of Marine Debris and Microplastics, Atmospheric Pollutants, Renewable Energy, Groundwater-Surface Water and Land Interactions, Interdisciplinary Research, Participatory Resource Management

Lead Researcher: Cecy Castillo, MSc

Synopsis:

1. A pilot study to determine changes in water quality caused by Sargassum influx on the windward coast of Ambergris Caye, Belize
2. A pilot study to investigate and assess the water quality of groundwater resources in the Corozal District

Specifications: Micropropagation, Genetic Engineering

Lead Researcher: Dion Daniels, PhD

Synopsis:

1. Study of different parameters during the establishment in vitro of pineapple.
2. Study of different antioxidants in the establishment in vitro of plantain cultivar Dominico-Harton.
3. Paclobutrazol-cultar regulator in sugarcane.
4. Effects of four different capping systems on in vitro micropropagation of sugarcane.

Specifications: Fisheries (specifically recreational), Coastal and Marine Ecosystems (mangrove and seagrass ecology and assessments), Fishing Communities and Fisher Folk Livelihoods, Freshwater Fisheries

Lead Researcher: Eden Garcia, MSc

Synopsis:

1. Assessment of juvenile Permit fish population structure in the Turneffe atoll.
2. Regional genetic population assessment of juvenile Permits int he Western Caribbean.
3. Assessment of recreational fish species in the Corozal Bay Wildlife Sanctuary.
4. Impact of COVID-19 on the Sport fishing industry in Belize.
5. Assessmentof seagrass beds as nursery habitat for juvenile permits.
6. Assessment of fish assemblages in pristine and impacted fringing mangroves withn the Corozal Bay Wildlife Sanctuary.

Specifications: Water Governance Issues (internationally), Forest Ecology, Diversification of Fisheries in Belize, Vector Borne Human Diseases such as Dengue, Chagas and Zika virus, Plant Microbial Fuel Cells (with colleagues from Japan, India and Belize), Freshwater Decapod Crustaceans
** Future research being planned is concerning dental fluorosis and ocean acidification (with Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Authority in Belize)

Lead Researcher: Jair Valladarez, MSc

Synopsis:

1. UQROO - 2 Seminario Binacional de Cooperacion en Educación e Investigación México-Belize. 10-11th November 2016. A summary of the legal instruments since 1893 that exist between Belize-Mexico Rio Hondo Transboundary river basin, issues and a proposed participatory cooperation or collaboration for an effective and fair water management.
2. Arevalo B, Valladarez J, Muschamp S, et al. Effects of reduced-impact selective logging on palm regeneration in Belize. Forest Ecology and Management. 2016;369:155-60. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.03.040
3. Jonathan Kay. 2017. The effect of feeding frequency and blood meal source on the fecundity of Triatoma dimidiata in the laboratory. Thesis Advisor. Completed.
4. Monic Hua. 2016. The Effects of Socio-economic Status, Dengue Knowledge and Perception on Source Reduction and Protective Behavior in Selected Marginal Areas of Belmopan. Thesis Advisor. Completed.
5. Jonathan Funes. 2016. Survey of container breeding mosquito larvae (Dengue vector) in Salvapan and Las Flores. Thesis Advisor. Completed.
6. Jair Valladarez. 2015. Sustainable Fisheries Guide for the Lobster and Conch Fisheries. Capacity Building for Sustainable Resources Use, Fishery Alternatives and Technical Support for members of the Belize Federation of Fishers. 24 pages.
7. December 2 to 4th, 2014 “Reunión-Seminario Internacional de Investigadores Sobre el Agua” held in San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico and the title of the presentation is “Riesgos, desafíos, y oportunidades en la hidropolítica del agua y cooperación en investigación en la Cuenca transfronteriza Rio Hondo Belice-Guatemala-México”.

Specifications: Water Quality (Nutrients: marine & freshwater), Heavy Metals, Pesticides, Coral Reef Eecology, Caves and Stalagmites.

Lead Researcher: Joaquin Magaña, MSc

Synopsis:

1. Belize RiverWater Quality - A Baseline Chemical Assessment
2. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Resource Recovery Systems at Silk Caye and Laughing Bird Caye
3. The Effects of Rainfall, Temperature and Relative Humidity on Oxygen Isotope Levels

Specifications: Solid State, Supramolecular, and In Silico Chemistry of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals; Freshwater and Marine Pollution

Lead Researcher: Joaquin Urbina, PhD

Synopsis:

1. Modulating the physicochemical properties of pharmaceutical and agrochemical co-crystals using crystal engineering
2. Using in silico tools for co-crystal screening; Characterization and quantification of microplastics in sediment and biota using micro-FTIR spectroscopy
3. Using micro-FTIR spectroscopy and carbonyl indexing to study the biodegradation rate and biodegradibility of macroplastics and microplastics

Specifications: Water Quality Management, Water Quality (Nutrients and drinking water) of freshwater in rural areas, Rural Water Governance, Integrated Water Resource Management, Phytoremediation, Environmental Assessment and Service, Environmental Education, Watershed Management.

Lead Researcher: Josue Ake, MSc

Articles:

1. Water Quality Asessment in Rural Cayo, Belize.
2. Rudimentary Water system in Rural Cayo,Belize. B.Sc.
   Biology and NRMP

Thesis:

1. Water Quality Analysis of Billy Barquedier National Park, Stann Creek.
2. Rapid Biological Assessment of the Billy Barquedier National Park.
3. Water Quality Monitoring Program fo rthe Billy Barquiedier Sub-Watershed.
4. Preliminary Water Quality Assessment of Central Farm-UB.
5. Preliminary Water Quality Assessment in Camalotte, Cayo.

Projects:

1. Water Quality Monitoring Project.
2. Environmental Educational Program in BBNP. Belize River Watershed Management Plan.
3. Seasonal Variation of groundwater quality: City of Belmopan. A Preliminary Study.
4. Morphological Characterization of the New River Watershed: A Preliminary Study.
5. Preliminary Water Quality Assessment: San Antonio,Cayo. Water Filtering Properties: Water Hyacinth.

Specifications: Marine Pollution, Aquatic Pollution, Marine Environment and Terrestrial Environment

Lead Researcher: Eduardo Barrientos, MSc

Synopsis:
Master’s in Marine Science with specialisation in Aquatic Pollution, in specific Plastic/Microplastic Pollution. His thesis work focused on “Presence and abundance of Microplastics in Bivalves (Batissa violacea) in Viti Levu Island, Fiji: A preliminary study.” He is currently involved in microplastic research. He is part of a regional project that focuses on microplastic research collaboration in Central America and the Caribbean. Also, undergraduate thesis advisor and supervisor for Marine Biology and Natural Resources Management students at the University of Belize. He is PADI rescue Diver with intense knowledge of the scientific methods used for studying and monitoring of Coral, Fish, Mangrove and Seagrass. Additionally, apart from the marine environment, he is very knowledgeable and able to conduct Bird, Plant, Wildlife and Macro-Invertebrates surveys.

Specifications: Uncertinty Measurements, Mesueurement Techniques, Method Development and Validations

Lead Researcher: Juliane Pasos, MEd

Synopsis:
This research focuses on advancing measurement science through the study of uncertainty quantification, innovative measurement techniques, and the development and validation of analytical methods. Accurate and reliable measurements are fundamental to scientific progress, quality assurance, and technological innovation. This study seeks to refine existing methodologies and establish standardized approaches that reduce uncertainty and improve precision across various applications. By developing validated methods and robust uncertainty measurement frameworks, the research contributes to enhancing data reliability, supporting regulatory compliance, and promoting excellence in laboratory and industrial practices. Ultimately, it aims to strengthen confidence in measurement results and ensure consistency in scientific and technical analyses.

Specifications: Water Quality monitoring in the Billy Barquedier Sub Water shed

Lead Researcher: Karen Bautista, MSc

Synopsis:
The Billy Barquedier Sub-Watershed plays a critical role in supporting local communities, agriculture, and biodiversity in the surrounding region. Ensuring the quality of water in this watershed is essential for maintaining ecosystem health and safeguarding public health. This research aims to assess the current water quality status of the sub-watershed by analyzing key physical, chemical, and biological parameters, including pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nutrient concentrations, and microbial indicators. Field sampling will be conducted at strategic points within the watershed over multiple seasons to capture temporal variations. Data obtained will be analyzed to identify pollution sources, assess compliance with water quality standards, and evaluate potential impacts on aquatic life and human use. The outcomes of this study will provide evidence-based recommendations for sustainable water resource management and inform conservation strategies aimed at protecting the watershed’s ecological integrity.

Specifications: Dung Beetle Diversity in Belize, Dung Beetle Ecology

Lead Researcher: Latha Thomas, PhD

Synopsis:

1. Dung beetle diversity in Guanacaste National Park, Central, Belize Corridor, Monkey Bay Wildlife Sanctuary, Pasture "ecosystem of Tiger Run Farm Ltd., Community Baboon Sanctuary, Blue Hole National Park, Billy Barquedier National Park, Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctaury
2. Perception, education and incidence of vector borne diseases in Cayo and Orange Walk dts of Belize
3. Presence of Aedes Spp. using BG-sentinel traps and larval surveys in communities around Belmopan, Cayo District"

Specifications: Plant Molecular Biology, focusing on both top-down and bottom-up approach to systems biology.

Lead Researcher: Monica Hua, MSc

Synopsis:
Top-down approach to systems biology would include:
Analysing transcriptomic and metabolomic changes under heavy metal stress in rice.

Bottom-up approach to systems biology would include:
The elucidation of polyacetylene biosynthetic pathway in Bidens pilosa using several genetic engineering tools.

Future interest: to look at heavy metal contamination in different farm lands or patty fields across the country for economically important crops such as rice, wheat or even corn in areas that are prone to pollution. Heavy metals not only decrease tillering stages which decrease overall production yeild in rice and wheat, but heavy metals can also accumulate in kernels causing harm to the health of consumers. Any plant metabolite (within plant or volatiles) related, plant-insect interraction or biosynthetic pathway related studies interests me. Unrelated to plants, KAP surveys related to tropical diseases is also of interest.

Specifications: Microbiology, Fungi, Antimicrobial Plant Products, Ethnobotany

Lead Researcher: Thippi Thiagarajan, PhD

Synopsis:

1. Use of medicinal plants by different ethnic groups in Belize.
2. Microbial water quality analysis of potable water in rural areas.
3. Microbes and infectious diseases.

Specifications: Mathematics Pedagogies

Lead Researcher: Adelia Young, MSc

Synopsis:
As a Mathematics Educator, for over 30 years, I aim to always aspire to be an effective and efficient teacher. I am always searching for effective practices for teaching and learning Mathematics concentrating on how students learn, what kind of instruction yield maximum learning and what kind of intervention can assist students to develop better learning habits.

Specifications: Wind Speed in Belize

Lead Researcher: Arieni Arzu, MSc

Synopsis:

1. Model and forecast the wind speed of Belize using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Approach (ARIMA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR).
2. Compare performance of the ANN, ARIMA and MLR model and identify which model gives superior forecast for Belize's wind speed.

Title: DIVERSITY IN THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BELIZE

Lead Researchers:
David Garcia, MSc
Manuel Medina, MSc

Synopsis:
A diversity of perspectives produces solutions that benefit a broad range of people. In computing, this is crucial since the field is ubiquitous with application in a broad spectrum of areas that include science, humanities, finance, and foundational work to develop computing itself. This need for diversity in computing highlights the importance of diversity in the employees provided to the technology sector by institutions like the University of Belize. This research examines diversity shifts in the Bachelor of Information Technology program at the University of Belize from 2011 to 2020. An overview of the demographics of the program includes the variables of gender, ethnicity, geography and more. Gender is an essential factor, and the results show that males are the significant majority in program enrollment. Females view the program to be significantly less diverse than males do, and females are more likely to state that the program can benefit from more diversity than males.

Title: WOMEN IN COMPUTING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BELIZE

Lead Researchers:
David Garcia, MSc
Manuel Medina, MSc

Synopsis:
It is well established that there is a significant gender imbalance in the computing field, where females lag behind their male counterparts, with representation being around 25% and 75%, respectively. Studies show that females are more reluctant to participate in computing education, less interested in the subject and more negative towards computing than males. This research reviews the experiences of females in the Information Technology program at the University of Belize to better understand the factors that attract them to or deter them from the field.

Title: THE DESIRE OF BELIZEAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TO CONTINUE WITH DISTANCE LEARNING AFTER THE PANDEMIC

Lead Researchers:
David Garcia, MSc
Kieran Ryan, PhD

Synopsis:
All educational institutions in Belize were mandated to transition to distance learning during the pandemic. The schools slowly transferred back to face to face learning through hybrid learning. In the fall semester of 2022 all schools are being mandated to return to pre-pandemic face to face learning. Our research focuses on the desire of students to continue with distance learning. Our findings indicate that 75% of IT students at the University of Belize would prefer to continue with distance learning compared to 50% of the general population of UB students who also prefer to continue online learning. Of grave concern is that decision makers at the university are not basing their decision on empirical evidence.

Title: THE IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BELIZE INTERNSHIP PROGRAM ON CAREER OUTCOMES (EMPLOYABILITY RATE)

Lead Researchers:
David Garcia, MSc
Manuel Medina, MSc

Synopsis:
The Information Technology internship program has been well established since UB’s inception. Over the years, many students have successfully completed and graduated from the program. This study tracks employability rate of University of Belize IT students through the internship program and its overall impact on career outcomes of these students.

Title: TASK-TECHNOLOGY FIT OF DISTINCT LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AT VARIOUS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN BELIZE

Lead Researchers:
Kieran Ryan, PhD
Manuel Medina, MSc

Synopsis:
With the advancement and evolving use of technology, more tasks are accomplished effectively and efficiently using information technology tools. Learning is one such tasks. Learning Management Systems (LMS) have placed significant roles in many businesses and recently many schools have adapted these tools to deliver effective and efficient online teaching considering the current pandemic situation. The purpose of this research is to identify lecturers' perceptions on the use of learning management systems, and to also identify the technology-to-performance chain or in other words how task–technology fit influences the performance impacts of LMS.

Title: THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, BUSINESS CAPABILITIES IN SUPPORTING ORGANIZATION AGILITY AND PERFORMANCE DURING A PANDEMIC: A STUDY OF SEVERAL SECTORS IN BELIZE

Lead Researcher: Kieran Ryan, PhD

Synopsis:
The research aims at understanding organizational performance during the pandemic in Belize while trying to explore innovation capacity of small enterprises. Szeto (2000) defines innovation capacity as a continuous improvement of capabilities and resources that an enterprise possesses to explore and exploit opportunities for developing new products to meet market needs. The innovation aims to create new ideas and technologies that increase productivity and generate greater output and value with the same input. It could be improving or replacing business processes with increased efficiency and productivity or enabling the business to extend the range of quality of existing products and services. Innovation is a means for obtaining competitive advantages (Souto, 2015). The research also examines the vital role of information quality and innovation capability agility in Belize during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research will assist businesses by reducing costs, being more competitive, establishing new partnerships and relationships, and improving business opportunities.

Title: INFORMATION SYSTEM SUCCESS IN BELIZE

Lead Researcher: Kieran Ryan, PhD

Synopsis:
Information systems are used all around the world however in the Belize context, many organizations and companies are recently beginning to learn the importance of information systems and now implementing them. Information systems can be costly especially if employees will be trained to use them in the most effective and efficient manner. Information systems add value to these organizations and companies which in return increases their productivity. Our research focuses on the information systems utilized by companies in Belize; in correspondence with the DeLeon and McLean Information Systems Success Model. The model consists of eight categories which are information quality, system quality, complementary technology quality, computer self-efficacy measure, service quality, user satisfaction, user, perceived net benefit.

Specifications:
Theoretical physics: plasma physics, astrophysics.
Applied physics: astronomy, geophysics and oceanography
Computational physics: numerical modeling and data analysis

Lead Researcher: Paolo Marroquin, MSc

Synopsis:
This research explores the use of low-cost Raspberry Pi units to capture and generate astronomy data images. It aims to design and test a Raspberry Pi-based imaging system capable of observing celestial objects using affordable sensors and camera modules. The study will assess image quality, performance, and potential applications in education and citizen science. The goal is to develop a cost-effective approach to astronomical imaging that promotes accessibility and hands-on learning in resource-limited settings.

Specifications: Graduates from the Math Program at UB

Lead Researcher: Steven Lewis, MSc

Synopsis:
Graduate tracking is extremely important, as it can be used to inform the revision and development of programs in any academic institution. The University of Belize, through the Faculty of Science and Technology, currently offers an Associate degree in Mathematics as well as a Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics. We have had graduates over the years pursue further studies at the upper undergraduate, the master’s and PhD levels. We have also had graduates gaining employment in varied job sectors. However, we do not have detailed statistics pertaining to the matriculation of our UB Pure Math graduates into higher-level studies/work field. This research will focus on pinpointing fields of work and higher level studies pursued by our UB Pure Math graduates at the Associate and Bachelor’s levels.

Title: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ASYNCHRONOUS VS SYNCHRONOUS LEARNING FOR FIRST YEAR STUDENTS AT UB FOR CMPS1014

Lead Researcher: Timothy Dami, MSc

Synopsis:
The intended research will track results from one academic year; 2022, in which the same course will be delivered first asynchronously in semester 1 and then synchronously in semester 2. Then desiminate/evaluate the overall effectiveness of the delivery based upon student attendance and performance. Most of these students come into UB and are not prepared for the level of initiative and responsibility as well as lack anyprior knowledge or technical skills This research will be done based upon time available.

Specifications: Experience in livestock production; both large and small stock species, Main interests in alternative feeds for pig production and internal parasite management of sheep and goats

Lead Researcher: Daniel Juan, MSc

Synopsis:
The ever increasing cost of feed for pork production and the potential detrimental effects on soil and water bodies that commercial production of corn and soybean needs to be addressed. Feed costs for pork production range between 70 and 80% of the total cost of production. A reduction in these costs would increase profitability for the producer. In addition, the growing controversy of using arable land for producing animal feed begs the question of exploring alternative feed sources. Furthermore, conventional cultivation of corn and soybean using substantial synthetic fertilizers and pesticides likely increases damage to soil microflora and surrounding water bodies.

The internal parasite of sheep and goats (H. contortus) is the leading cause of mortality and economic loss of these species in the tropics. The use of urea in solution form has been explored as an alternative to commercial anthelmintics. It is well documented that synthetic anthelmintics are declining in efficacy against H. contortus. The research would focus on further investigating urea to control the parasite in the pasture and hence reduce the infestation rate in the animal.

Specifications: Experience in crop production both Open field and Covered Structure Production of vegetables and Field crops, Main interest is the use of vermicompost as an alternative fertilizer to replace the use of synthetic fertilizers especially in vegetable production in the Covered Structure Facilities at UBCF

Lead Researcher: Francisco Tzul, MSc

Synopsis:
Vegetable production under Covered Structures such as sweet pepper/tomato plus other assorted vegetable is a very intensive type of production requiring high/frequent rates of application of fertilizers which are very costly. Lately synthetic fertilizer prices have increased by more than 100 % in cost which will severely impact cost of production and UBCF competitiveness on the market. UBCF is presently producing vermicompost by composting manure using the earthworm California Red to produce organic fertilizer. However there is need to evaluate this organic fertilizer to determine the correct rates of application for the crops grown at UBCF. The use of vermicompost to produce crops will enhance the sustainability of the farming systems at UB.

Specifications: Expertise in soil science and crop production, Interest in soil health and fertility, use of biofertilizers, recycling of agricultural waste, reduction of pesticide pollution, climate-smart crop production

Lead Researcher: Gerardo Aldana, PhD

Synopsis:
Sustainable soil management is essential for sustainable food production, improved food nutrition content, climate change adaptation and mitigation, and to combat land degradation. Soils provide several services, including crop and livestock production, and ecosystem services. Sustainable soil management practices include minimum tillage, soil amendment strategies such as mulching and biochar, efficiency of farm machinery and reduction of plant protection products. This research will focus on the effects of sustainable soil management strategies for environmental protection and crop production and quality. Sustainable soil management strategies for crop production will include mulching, the use of biofertilizers, and efficient irrigation systems. Sustainable soil management strategies for environmental protection will include the production and use of biochar to reduce fertilizer and pesticide runoff and leaching.

Specifications: Biodiversity Spatial Analysis, GIS, Beta Diversity Modelling, Tropical Botany, Forest Ecology, Nature Conservation, Ecosystem Services

Lead Researcher: Ivis Chan, PhD

Synopsis:
This research focuses on understanding patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem services in tropical forests through spatial analysis and modeling. Using GIS and beta diversity modelling, the study will examine how species composition and ecological functions vary across landscapes and environmental gradients. Emphasis will be placed on identifying biodiversity hotspots, assessing forest structure, and evaluating the impacts of land-use change on ecosystem integrity. The findings will contribute to nature conservation planning and the sustainable management of tropical ecosystems by providing spatially explicit insights into biodiversity distribution and ecological resilience.

Specifications: Ecology and environmental science research covering anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, with expertise in running long-term international field projects, developing novel environmental monitoring systems, and human-environment interactions.

Lead Researcher: Jake Snaddon, PhD

Synopsis:
This research explores the effects of anthropogenic activities on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, aiming to understand how human actions alter ecological processes and environmental health. The work integrates long-term field studies, often conducted across international sites, with the development of innovative environmental monitoring systems to track changes in ecosystems over time. A key focus is on human-environment interactions, examining how societal practices, land use, and policy decisions influence ecological integrity. The outcomes of this research provide evidence-based insights for conservation strategies, sustainable resource management, and mitigation of human impacts on natural ecosystems.

Specifications: Marine Biology, Coral Biology, Fish Biology, Coastal and Marine Conservation, Marine Spatial Analysis

Lead Researcher: Ninon Martinez, MSc

Synopsis:
This research focuses on understanding and conserving marine life in coastal ecosystems, with emphasis on coral and fish biology. It integrates marine spatial analysis to assess habitat distribution, biodiversity patterns, and ecological interactions. The study also addresses threats to marine ecosystems, including human activities and environmental change, to inform effective conservation and management strategies. By combining field observations, spatial data, and ecological modeling, the research aims to support the sustainable use and protection of marine resources while enhancing knowledge of coastal ecosystem dynamics.

Specifications: Exploring the viability of louver windows, aluminum louver windows, for architecture in Belize

Lead Researcher: Emeri Cayetano, MEng

Synopsis:
The aim of the research is to highlight the key benefits, disadvantages, functionality, cost-effectiveness and climate appropriateness of louver windows, particularly aluminum louver windows, to architecture in Belize with the intent to educate and prompt intellectual discussion on the viability of the widely used window type. The need for this study stems from the growing use and popularity of both louver window types and glass pane window types. Both window types provide lighting and ventilation in their own distinctive manner resulting in several distinguishing advantages and disadvantages and several informal discussions comparing the two window types. The research therefore seeks to formalize these discussions and create a forum for informed and intellectual comparisons to determine which window type is the ideal and viable selection for the Belizean locale.